Magic Eye: A New Way of Looking at the World, 3D illusions: Volume 1

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Julesz, B. and J.E. Miller. (1962). "Automatic stereoscopic presentation of functions of two variables". Bell System Technical Journal, 41:663–676; March. Stereogram was originally used to describe as a pair of 2D images used in stereoscope to present a 3D image to viewers. The "auto" in autostereogram describes an image that does not require a stereoscope. The term stereogram is now often used interchangeably with autostereogram. [29] Dr. Christopher Tyler, inventor of the autostereogram, consistently refers to single image stereograms as autostereograms to distinguish them from other forms of stereograms. [18] [ need quotation to verify] A single image random text ASCII stereogram is an alternative to SIRDS using random ASCII text instead of dots to produce a 3D form of ASCII art. Random dot stereogram, describes a pair of 2D images containing random dots which, when viewed with a stereoscope, produced a 3D image. The term is now often used interchangeably with random dot autostereogram. [17] [23] In 1844, David Brewster discovered the "wallpaper effect". [5] He noticed that when he stared at repeated patterns in wallpapers while varying his vergence, he could see them either behind the wall (with wall-eyed vergence) or in front of the wall (with cross-eyed vergence). [6] This is the basis of wallpaper-style autostereograms. [3]

Magic Eye: A New Way of Looking at the World, 3D illusions

But in the more than 25 years since Magic Eye first hit bookstore shelves, the 74-year-old, self-styled retired hippie has come to learn a lot about what happens when you follow the unexpected bends in the road when they come your way. “Life is a real pinball machine,” he continued. “The most successful people understand that and they don’t try to force the game. They follow the bounces and try to keep ahead of them as much as they can.” Image courtesy of Ron Labbe/Studio 3D The optical illusion of an autostereogram is one of depth perception and involves stereopsis: depth perception arising from the different perspective each eye has of a three-dimensional scene, called binocular parallax. Not long after meeting, Baccei and Smith designed another autostereogram advertisement—this time with a hidden airplane—which ran in American Airlines’ inflight magazine, American Way. Baccei started getting calls mid-flight from flight attendants asking for the answer. “They were giving away bottles of champagne to the first person who could identify what was in the picture,” he said. Autostereograms where patterns in a particular row are repeated horizontally with the same spacing can be read either cross-eyed or wall-eyed. In such autostereograms, both types of reading will produce similar depth interpretation, with the exception that the cross-eyed reading reverses the depth (images that once popped out are now pushed in). Those who wear eyeglasses with so-called "progressive" lenses, in which the focal length gradually changes so as to ease the viewing of close objects using the lower part of the lens, may find that viewing a stereogram is easier if the glasses are pushed up a little so that the stereogram is viewed through a part of the lens optimized for images that are closer than the actual distance to the stereogram. When the eyes are made divergent by looking (or pretending to look) at a far-away object, the overcorrection from viewing the stereogram through the "wrong" part of the lens can bring the stereogram into focus without needing to overcome the tendency to focus on the far-away object while attempting to focus on the stereogram.Heikki Ruskeepää (2009). Mathematica Navigator: Mathematics, Statistics, and Graphics, p. 146. ISBN 978-0-12-374164-6. [1]. McLin, Leon N. Jr; Schor, Clifton M. (1988). "Voluntary effort as a stimulus to accommodation and vergence". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 29 (11): 1739–1746. PMID 3182206. Tyler, C.W. and Clarke, M.B. (1990) " The Autostereogram". Stereoscopic Displays and Applications, Proc. SPIE Vol. 1258:182–196. As with a photographic camera, it is easier to make the eye focus on an object when there is intense ambient light. With intense lighting, the eye can constrict the pupil, yet allow enough light to reach the retina. The more the eye resembles a pinhole camera, the less it depends on focusing through the lens. [d] In other words, the degree of decoupling between focusing and convergence needed to visualize an autostereogram is reduced. This places less strain on the brain. Therefore, it may be easier for first-time autostereogram viewers to "see" their first 3D images if they attempt this feat with bright lighting. To Smith, the magic of Magic Eye goes well beyond the initial “ah-ha” moment. For some people, she adds, it’s almost like an addiction. “When you see it in 3-D, it puts you in an altered state,” she says. “It increases your alpha waves and makes you feel happy.”

Magic Eye Image of the Week Magic Eye Image of the Week

This autostereogram displays patterns on three different planes by repeating the patterns at different spacings. ( ) The next day, Gregorek called up Baccei and told him that he wanted to make him rich. Courtesy of Ron Labbe/Studio 3D R. Kimmel. (2002) 3D Shape Reconstruction from Autostereograms and Stereo. Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, 13:324–333. This story is part of our Weekend Reads series, where we highlight a story we love from the archives. It was originally published in issue #02 of Eye on Design magazine.The first North American Magic Eye book was Magic Eye: A New Way of Looking at the World. [3] [ failed verification] a b Weibel, Peter (2005). Beyond Art: A Third Culture: A Comparative Study in Cultures, Art and Science in 20th Century Austria and Hungary, p. 29. ISBN 978-3-211-24562-0. a b c d Tyler, C.W. (1994). "The Birth of Computer Stereograms for Unaided Stereovision". In Horibuchi, S. (Ed.), Stereogram (pp. 83–89). San Francisco: Cadence Books. ISBN 0-929279-85-9.

Magic Eye How to See 3D – Magic Eye

Sakana, Itsuo (1994). Stereogram, pp.75–76. Ed. Seiji Horibuchi and Yuki Inonue. San Francisco: Cadence Books. ISBN 978-0-929279-85-5 Scholarpedia article on autostereograms Peer-reviewed article on autostereograms by Christopher Tyler Julesz, Bela (1960). "Binocular depth perception of computer-generated patterns", Bell Technical Journal, p. 39.

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In 1939 Boris Kompaneysky [7] published the first, random-dot stereogram containing a hand-drawn image of the face of Venus, [8] intended to be viewed with a device. The 3D shark in this random-dot autostereogram has a smooth, round shape due to the use of depth map with smooth gradient. ( )

Magic Eye, the Optical Illusion That The Hidden History of Magic Eye, the Optical Illusion That

a b The terms "cross-eyed" and "wall-eyed" are borrowed from synonyms for various forms of strabismus, a condition where eyes do not point in the same direction when looking at an object. Wall-eyed viewing is informally known as parallel-viewing.

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A computer program can take a depth map and an accompanying pattern image to produce an autostereogram. The program tiles the pattern image horizontally to cover an area whose size is identical to the depth map. Conceptually, at every pixel in the output image, the program looks up the grayscale value of the equivalent pixel in the depth map image, and uses this value to determine the amount of horizontal shift required for the pixel.