Yellow Crocus

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ANYWAY - so, when I can just enjoy a book and I DON'T get caught up in all the flaws and stuff that take me out of the moment, that makes me happy. Gerard, John (1597). "80. Of Saffron". The Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes (1sted.). London: John Norton. pp.123–131. ( Internet Archive version: also here at Botanicus and here at Biodiversity Heritage Library) The classification of Brian Mathew (1982), as amended in 2009 divides the genus into two sections, further divided by series. [64] The number of series, continues to evolve. Get your spring-blooming crocuses in the ground after the weather cools down in the fall, but before the ground freezes. Generally speaking, this will be September to October in northern zones, and October to November in southern zones. Where to plant: Zhao, Yu-tang; Noltie, Henry J.; Mathew, Brian F. (2004). "Crocus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 36. 1753". p.313 . Retrieved 6 January 2022. , in Flora of China online vol. 24

Cultivars include Crocus flavus 'Grosser Gelber' ('Big Yellow'), with large orange-yellow flowers. [6] Perennials are any plant living for at least three years. The term is also commonly used for herbaceous perennials which grow for many years (To compare: annual = one year, biennial = two years). perennials growing from an underground corm. Their deciduous, linear leaves usually have a silvery central stripe. The goblet-shaped, sometimes fragrant, flowers bloom in early spring or autumn. Wencai, Wang; Bartholomew, Bruce (2004). "Pulsatilla Miller, Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4. [1136]. 1754". p.329 . Retrieved 10 January 2022. , in Flora of China online vol. 6Crocus flavus naturalizes well in gardens, and has escaped cultivation and become naturalized in the US state of Arkansas. [9] The majority of plants grown in gardens are triploids that do not produce seeds and are propagated vegetatively. [6] The species has been hybridized with other crocus species to produce a number of other cultivars. [4]

The genus, as described by Mathew, consisted of two subgenera, Crocirus (monotypic for Crocus banaticus) and Crocus including the remainder of the species, based on whether the anthers were introrse or extrorse ( dehiscence directed towards or away from centre of flower) respectively. Subgenus Crocus was then divided into two sections, Crocus and Nudiscapus, based on the presence or absence of the prophyll. Each section was then further divided into six series of Crocus and nine of Nudiscapus. These series were defined by the division of the style, the corm tunic, flowering time, leaf structure, presence of a bracteole and anther colour. Mathew also introduced the concept of subspecies, including 50 in all, by giving similar but different forms subspecies status if geographically separated, resulting in about 140 distinct taxa. [15] The seven species and ten subspecies discovered since then have been integrated into revisions of this classification, though new species continue to be described, [57] [58] [59] [53] leading to estimates of at least 200 species. [60] [29] Speciation [ edit ] Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1996). A Greek-English Lexicon 2 vols. Revised by Henry Stuart Jones (9thed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-864226-8 . Retrieved 10 January 2022. , ( see also A Greek–English Lexicon) Nemati, Zahra; Blattner, Frank R.; Kerndorff, Helmut; Erol, Osman; Harpke, Dörte (October 2018). "Phylogeny of the saffron-crocus species group, Crocus series Crocus (Iridaceae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 127: 891–897. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.06.036. PMID 29936028. S2CID 49409790. Phillips, Roger; Rix, Martyn (1989). The Random House Book of Bulbs. Random House. ISBN 978-0-679-72756-9.Burrell, C Colston; Hardiman, Lucy (2002). "Encyclopedia of Spring-Blooming Bulbs: Crocus pp.68–70". In Hanson, Beth (ed.). Spring-blooming Bulbs: An A to Z Guide to Classic and Unusual Bulbs for Your Spring Garden. 21st-Century Gardening, No. 173. Brooklyn Botanic Garden. pp.52–100. ISBN 978-1-889538-54-9. Bowles, E. A. (1985) [1924]. A Handbook of Crocus and Colchicum for Gardeners. Waterstone. ISBN 978-0-947752-26-2. (1st ed. Available here at Internet Archive)

But then I saw the Kindle edition cover when browsing the Kindle Unlimited options, and THAT one spoke to me and said that this book might be one that could interest me. Nature (February 1887). "The Crocus". Nature (Review). 35 (902): 348–349. Bibcode: 1887Natur..35..348.. doi: 10.1038/035348a0. S2CID 4091523. Mohtashami, Leila; Amiri, Mohammad Sadegh; Ramezani, Mahin; Emami, Seyed Ahmad; Simal-Gandara, Jesus (November 2021). "The genus Crocus L.: A review of ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology". Industrial Crops and Products. 171: 113923. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113923. Maw, George (1886). A monograph of the genus Crocus. With an appendix on the etymology of the words crocus and saffron by C.C. Lacaita. London: Dulau and Co. The availability of molecular phylogeny methods revealed problems with the traditional systems based on morphology alone. The first analysis of the complete genus was carried out by Mathew and colleagues in 2008 using nucleotide sequences from plastid regions. In particular, the DNA data suggest there are no grounds for isolating C. banaticus in its own subgenus Crociris, though it is a unique species in the genus. Because it has a prophyll at the base of the pedicel, it therefore would fall within section Crocus, although its exact relationship to the rest of the subgenus remains unclear. [53]Porcher, Michel H. (25 June 2013). "Sorting Crocus names". Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database. Department of Agriculture and Food Systems, Melbourne School of Land and Environment, University of Melbourne . Retrieved 22 January 2022. Kerndorff, Helmut; Pasche, Erich; Harpke, Dörte (2014). "Crocus isauricus Siehe ex BowleS (Liliiflorae, Iridaceae) and its relatives" (PDF). Stapfia. 101: 3–18. The study showed "no support for a system of sections as currently defined", although, despite the many inconsistencies between Mathew's 1982 classification and the current hypothesis, "the main assignment of species to the sections and series of that system is actually supported". The authors state, "further studies are required before any firm decisions about a hierarchical system of classification can be considered" and conclude "future re-classification is likely to involve all infrageneric levels, subgenera, sections and series". [64] A further study, using the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA), together with a chloroplast marker, broadly confirmed these findings. [15] Ali, S. I.; Mathew, Brian (2011). "Crocus L." Flora of Pakistan. Missouri Botanical Garden . Retrieved 7 January 2022. Some Pulsatilla species are also called "prairie crocus" (previously Anemone patens) or "wild crocus", but they belong to the buttercup family ( Ranunculaceae). [72] [73] Pulsatilla species, which are commonly called pasqueflowers, in contrast to crocus's, have rhizomes, the foliage is covered with long soft hairs, and the flowers are produced on above-ground stems. [74] [75] Etymology [ edit ]

Turner, William (1548). "Crocus". The Names of Herbes (1881ed.). London: English dialect society. p.31. Sevinç Kravkaz, I.; Vurdu, H. (2010). "Botany of Crocus ancyrensis through Domestication". In Tsimidou, Maria Z.; Polissiou, Moschos; Fernández, José Antonio (eds.). Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Saffron: Forthcoming Challenges in Cultivation, Research and Economics, Krokos, Greece, May 20 2009. ISHS 850. pp.61–65. ISBN 978-90-6605-732-6. Palyvou, Clairy (2005). Akrotiri, Thera: An Architecture of Affluence 3,500 Years Old. INSTAP Academic Press (Institute for Aegean Prehistory). ISBN 978-1-62303-068-1. These aresold and planted in autumn as dry corms. Garden centres also sell them in growth in early spring in containers as flowering plants. Crocus display the general characteristics of family Iridaceae, which include basal cauline (arising from the aerial stem) leaves that sheath the stem base, hermaphrodite flowers that are relatively large and showy, the perianth petaloid with 2 whorls of 3 tepals each and septal nectaries. The flowers have 3 stamens and a gynoecium of 3 united carpels and an inferior ovary, 3 locules and axile placentation with fruit that is a loculicidal capsule. [2]Baker, John Gilbert (1874). "A Classified Synonymic List of all the Known Crocuses, with their Native Countries, and References to the Works where they are Figured". Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society of London. 4 (14): 111–119. The number of peduncles ( flower stems) vary from one to several and remain underground, emerging only at the fruiting stage, bearing flowers that are solitary or several, so that a true scape is absent. The flowers are pedicellate (attached to the peduncle by a short subterranean pedicel stalk). The pedicel is sometimes subtended (below pedicel) by a membranous, sheathing prophyll (leaf-like structure). [4] [5] This book hits some deep subjects. For those who get angry at the idea of slavery or past prejudice, do not read this. This refers to slaves as they were called in those days. This is not for the young readers, there is a rape scene,and whipping in this. For the mature reader this is a wonderful book for both history and the bonds of love, family, loyalty and friendship.