a b Milgrom, P.; Ly, K.A.; Roberts, M.C.; Rothen, M.; Mueller, G.; Yamaguchi, D.K. (2006). "Mutans Streptococci Dose Response to Xylitol Chewing Gum". Journal of Dental Research. 85 (2): 177–81. doi: 10.1177/154405910608500212. PMC 2225984. PMID 16434738. Gum bases with higher molecular weights are typically used in gums intended to meet bubble-forming expectations. Higher molecular weight gum bases include longer polymers that are able to stretch further, and thus are able to form larger bubbles that retain their shape for a longer time. [2] Flavor release

Preservatives. These are added to extend shelf life. The most popular choice is an organic compound called butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Eating too much sugar is also associated with a number of health conditions such as obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes ( 45). Chewing gum too often could cause problems with your jaw In a small 2012 study in university students, chewing gum for 2 weeks decreased participants’ feelings of stress, particularly in relation to academic workload ( 26). Gand, C; Fritz, D (2008). "Chewing gum manufacture". In Fritz, D (ed.). Formulation and Production of Chewing and Bubble Gum (2ed.). Essex: Kennedy's Publications Ltd. pp.253–74.Both the FDA and the EFSA have deemed BHT generally safe in low doses of around 0.11 mg per pound of body weight (0.25 mg per kg) ( 4). Analysis of stress markers in the saliva is a simple and useful method for determining stress levels in humans. In humans, gum chewing or bruxism-like activities under various stress conditions may influence the secretion volume of various stress markers in the saliva. Chewing leads to decreases in alpha-amylase activity (a sympathetic nervous system stress marker [ 126]), salivary cortisol levels (an endocrine system stress marker [ 28, 127]), and secretory immunoglobulin A (an immune system stress marker) [ 128, 129]. Bruxism-like activity during the presentation of a loud unpleasant sound prevents a stress-induced increase in salivary chromogranin A [ 130], a stress marker that reflects sympathetic activity [ 131]. Chewing and light teeth-clenching after stress loading lead to a rapid reduction of salivary cortisol levels [ 127]. Interestingly, a fast chewing rate [ 132] and a strong [ 133] chewing force induce a greater reduction in mental stress than a slow or weak force. Tasaka et al. [ 128] reported that chewing time affects the response of the endocrine system to mental stress, and continuous chewing for more than 10min is effective for reducing stress, based on stress marker analysis in saliva. Contrary to these reports, however, chewing gum fails to attenuate salivary cortisol levels [ 33, 134]. The increase in the cortisol secretion is likely task-dependent. Also, these studies were performed at various times of day, and thus the conflicting results may be due to the diurnal alternations in cortisol secretion. Other studies [45] indicated that the caries preventive effect of chewing sugar-free gum is related to the chewing process itself rather than being an effect of gum sweeteners or additives, such as polyols and carbamide. A study investigating the in situ effect of casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP–ACP) found that its incorporation into a sugar-free gum increases the remineralization / protection of eroded enamel surface significantly. [46]

de Oliveira, A.F.B.; de Oliveira Diniz, L.V.; Forte, F.D.S.; etal. (28 March 2016). "In Situ Effect of a CPP-ACP Chewing Gum on Enamel Erosion Associated or Not With Abrasion". Clinical Oral Investigations. 21 (1): 339–46. doi: 10.1007/s00784-016-1796-1. PMID 27020912. S2CID 10126499. Carcasona, ER (2008). "Bulk sweeteners used in sugar chewing gum". In Fritz, D (ed.). Formulation and Production of Chewing and Bubble Gum (2ed.). Essex: Kennedy's Publications Ltd. pp.119–32. Kekäläinen, Timo; Venäläinen, Tapani; Jänis, Janne (17 July 2014). "Characterization of Birch Wood Pyrolysis Oils by Ultrahigh-Resolution Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry: Insights into Thermochemical Conversion". Energy & Fuels. 28 (7): 4596–602. doi: 10.1021/ef500849z. ISSN 0887-0624. Schirrmeister, J.F.; Seger, R.K.; Altenburger, M.J.; Lussi, A.; Hellwig, E. (2007). "Effects of Various Forms of Calcium Added to Chewing Gum on Initial Enamel Carious Lesions in situ". Caries Research. 41 (2): 108–14. doi: 10.1159/000098043. PMID 17284911. S2CID 22686522. One randomized controlled trial found that students who chewed gum over a period of 7 or 19 days had reduced scores for depression, anxiety, and stress compared to those who did not. Those who chewed gum also achieved greater academic success ( 21).But Dr. Kahn warns against chewing gum as a replacement for regular brushing after meals or for other oral health habits. “The best way to keep your teeth healthy is to brush after each meal and floss daily,” she says. Gum can help with dry mouth (but may not be the best way) Quitting smoking is one of the most important things you can do to improve your health. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that in 2020, about 12% of U.S. adults still smoked. Many people who smoke try to quit but aren’t successful. For some people, even a small shift in their temporomandibular joint can cause severe pain when they move their jaw,” Dr. Kahn says. Those who can’t tolerate FODMAPs should choose a gum sweetened with a low calorie sweetener such as stevia.

Though nicotine gum is intended for temporary use, Dr. Kahn advises caution, suggesting that you combine or substitute nicotine gum with other smoking cessation strategies like coaching, nicotine patches, non-nicotine medications and so on. Is gum bad for you? The bottom line a b Bussiere, G.; Serpelloni, M. (1985). Simatos, D.; Multon, J. L. (eds.). Properties of Water in Foods. NATO ASI Series. Springer Netherlands. pp.627–45. doi: 10.1007/978-94-009-5103-7_38. ISBN 9789401087568. The ingredients in chewing gum have been established as safe for humans to consume. In fact, the act of chewing may have surprising benefits for mental and physical health! Interestingly, there is also some evidence that chewing gum may increase your metabolic rate ( 37).Chemical & Engineering News: Science & Technology – What's That Stuff? Chewing Gum". pubs.acs.org . Retrieved 9 December 2016. Most chewing gum manufacturers keep their exact recipes a secret. They often refer to their specific combination of gum, resin, filler, softeners, and antioxidants as their “gum base.” The Singapore government outlawed chewing gum in 1992 citing the danger of discarded gum being wedged in the sliding doors of underground trains and general cleanliness. However, in 2004 the government allowed sugarless gum to be sold in pharmacies if a doctor or dentist prescribed it due to the Singapore–United States Free Trade Agreement. [69] Recycling Gumdrop chewing gum collecting bin Potineni, Rajesh V.; Peterson, Devin G. (2008). "Mechanisms of Flavor Release in Chewing Gum: Cinnamaldehyde". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 56 (9): 3260–67. doi: 10.1021/jf0727847. PMID 18426214.