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Falklands War

Falklands War

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On 20 June, the British retook the South Sandwich Islands, which involved accepting the surrender of the Southern Thule Garrison at the Corbeta Uruguay base and declared hostilities over. Argentina had established Corbeta Uruguay in 1976, but prior to 1982 the United Kingdom had contested the existence of the Argentine base only through diplomatic channels. [172] Foreign involvement [ edit ] Commonwealth [ edit ] Constitución Nacional". Argentine Senate (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 17 June 2004. La Nación Argentina ratifica su legítima e imprescriptible soberanía sobre las Islas Malvinas, Georgias del Sur y Sandwich del Sur y los espacios marítimos e insulares correspondientes, por ser parte integrante del territorio nacional. Gibson, Chris (2023). "Meanwhile... An Ocean Apart: The British Perspective". The Aviation Historian (44): 87–90. ISSN 2051-1930.

Bluth, Christoph (1987). "The British Resort to Force in the Falklands/Malvinas Conflict 1982: International Law and Just War Theory". Journal of Peace Research. 24 (1): 5–20. doi: 10.1177/002234338702400102. S2CID 145424339.Declassified cables show the United States both felt that Thatcher had not considered diplomatic options and feared that a protracted conflict could draw the Soviet Union on Argentina's side. [184] The US initially tried to mediate an end to the conflict through shuttle diplomacy, but when Argentina refused the American peace overtures, US Secretary of State Alexander Haig announced that the United States would prohibit arms sales to Argentina and provide material support for British operations. Both houses of the US Congress passed resolutions supporting the American action siding with the United Kingdom. [185] Ward 2000, p.186: "...to get twenty-one bombs to Port Stanley is going to take about one million, one hundred thousand pounds of fuel – equalled about 137,000 gallons. That was enough fuel to fly 260 Sea Harrier bombing missions over Port Stanley. Which in turn meant just over 1300 bombs. Interesting stuff!" Falklands recover 370 hectares of Stanley Common made minefields in 1982 by Argentine forces". MercoPress. Montevideo. 17 May 2012. Archived from the original on 23 June 2012 . Retrieved 17 June 2012. Burns, John F. (5 January 2013). "Vitriol Over Falklands Resurfaces, as Do Old Arguments". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2 January 2022 . Retrieved 8 August 2019. Merchant vessels had the civilian Inmarsat uplink, which enabled written telex and voice report transmissions via satellite. SS Canberra had a facsimile machine that was used to upload 202 pictures from the South Atlantic over the course of the war. The Royal Navy leased bandwidth on the U.S. Defense Satellite Communications System for worldwide communications. Television demands a thousand times the data rate of telephone, but the Ministry of Defence was unsuccessful in convincing the U.S. to allocate more bandwidth. [274]

The UK reported six military personnel injured by mines or UXO in 1982, then two more in 1983. Most military accidents took place in the immediate aftermath of the conflict, while clearing minefields or trying to establish the extent of minefield perimeters, particularly where no detailed records existed. No civilian mine casualties have ever occurred on the islands, and no human casualties from mines or UXO have been reported since 1984. Argentine Aircraft in the Falklands". Archived from the original on 23 February 2009 . Retrieved 25 February 2009. Schumann, Peter B. "Argentiniens unbewältigte Vergangenheit"[Argentina's unresolved past]. Deutschlandfunk (in German).The Royal Marines of Naval Party 8901 volunteered to join the Task Force and, some seventy-five days after the invasion, the men who were forced to watch the raising of the Argentine flag over the Islands were able, in return, to proudly run up the Falklands flag once more at Government House. No. 48999". The London Gazette (Supplement). 3 June 1982. pp.7421–7422. Decorations specifically for the defence of South Georgia Freedman, "two journalists on Invincible were interested in no issue other than what Prince Andrew, a helicopter pilot as well as the Queen's son, was up to". Smith, Arthur (January 2017). "Logistics in The Falklands War". jmvh.org. Journal of Military and Veterans' Health. pp.41–43. Archived from the original on 14 July 2020 . Retrieved 15 September 2020.

Falkland Islands: Imperial pride". The Guardian. 19 February 2010. Archived from the original on 9 October 2014 . Retrieved 2 October 2014. In 1977, British prime minister James Callaghan, in response to heightened tensions in the region and the Argentine occupation of Southern Thule, secretly sent a force of two frigates and a nuclear-powered submarine, HMS Dreadnought, to the South Atlantic, codenamed Operation Journeyman. [12] It is unclear whether the Argentines were aware of their presence, but British sources state that they were advised of it through informal channels. Nevertheless, talks with Argentina on Falklands sovereignty and economic cooperation opened in December of that year, though they proved inconclusive. [13] Borger, Julian (1 April 2012). "U.S. feared Falklands war would be 'close-run thing', documents reveal". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 21 April 2016 . Retrieved 11 December 2016. In November 2020, it was declared that the Falkland Islands were now free of all landmines. A celebration of the event took place on the weekend of 14 November where the final landmine was detonated. [265] Press and publicity [ edit ] Argentina [ edit ] Gente 's "Estamos ganando" headline ("We're winning")

Ley 24.950: Decláranse "Héroes nacionales" a los combatientes argentinos fallecidos durante la guerra de Malvinas". InfoLEG (in Spanish). 18 March 1998. Archived from the original on 18 March 2015 . Retrieved 11 March 2015. The Falklands Conflict 1982". Royal Navy. 2 April 1982. Archived from the original on 9 April 2008 . Retrieved 7 February 2010. Argentine to reaffirm Sovereignty Rights over The Falkland Islands". National Turk. 4 January 2012. Archived from the original on 7 July 2019 . Retrieved 7 January 2012.

The Malvinas cause united the Argentines in a patriotic atmosphere that protected the junta from critics, and even opponents of the military government supported Galtieri; Ernesto Sabato said: Royal Fleet Auxiliary Tidepool". RFA Historical Society. Archived from the original on 27 May 2019 . Retrieved 4 July 2019. Margaret Thatcher portrayed as a pirate, 30April 1982". Science and Society Picture Library. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011 . Retrieved 1 July 2011.

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Freedman 2005b, pp. 431–444 "During the course of May confidence that the naval threat was under control grew. Optimism on the air threat was much scarcer, especially among those who might be on the receiving end." Of the 86 Royal Navy personnel, 22 were lost in HMS Ardent, 19 + 1 lost in HMS Sheffield, 19 + 1 lost in HMS Coventry and 13 lost in HMS Glamorgan. Fourteen naval cooks were among the dead, the largest number from any one branch in the Royal Navy. Para". Raf.mod.uk. 1 October 2004. Archived from the original on 11 December 2009 . Retrieved 7 February 2010. In 2011 there were 113 uncleared minefields plus unexploded ordnance (UXOs) covering an area of 13km 2 (3,200 acres) on the Falkland Islands. Of this area, 5.5km 2 (1,400 acres) on the Murrell Peninsula were classified as being "suspected minefields"—the area had been heavily pastured for 25 years without incident. It was estimated that these minefields had 20,000 anti-personnel mines and 5,000 anti-tank mines. Evans, Michael; Hamilton, Alan (27 June 2005). "Thatcher in the dark on sinking of Belgrano". The Times. Archived from the original on 24 January 2023 . Retrieved 2 September 2011.



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